Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising treatment for people with depression—but like any medical procedure, it can come with side effects. As more people consider this non-invasive brain stimulation therapy, it’s natural to ask: What are the side effects of TMS? Is TMS safe? What should I expect during and after the sessions?
This article will walk you through the possible side effects of TMS, how the treatment works, and what you should know before starting therapy.
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TMS is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. A magnetic coil is placed on the scalp, usually near the forehead. It delivers small magnetic pulses to the area of the brain involved in mood regulation.
TMS is FDA-approved to treat major depressive disorder, especially treatment-resistant depression. It has also shown promise for conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety.
Yes, TMS is considered safe for most people. It is not surgery, and it doesn’t involve medications or sedation. Unlike electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), TMS doesn’t cause memory loss or require anesthesia. However, as with any medical procedure, there are potential side effects and risks.
Most people tolerate TMS treatments well, but some may experience mild to moderate side effects. These typically appear within the first few sessions and often fade over time. The most common TMS side effects include:
1. Scalp Discomfort or Tingling
Since the magnetic pulses stimulate nerves under the skin, you might feel discomfort or a tapping sensation at the treatment site. Some describe it as a light knock or twitching under the coil. This side effect often decreases as your sessions continue.
2. Headaches
Some patients report mild to moderate headaches after a TMS session. These headaches usually respond to over-the-counter pain relievers and tend to lessen with continued treatment.
3. Facial Muscle Twitching
TMS may cause slight twitching of the facial muscles during treatment. This is usually harmless and stops after the session ends.
4. Lightheadedness or Fatigue
A few patients feel slightly dizzy or tired after a session. These symptoms usually resolve quickly and don’t interfere with daily activities.
While most people experience only mild effects, there are a few rare side effects to be aware of, especially for those with pre-existing conditions.
While rare, there are other TMS therapy risks to be aware of:
1. Seizures
Though very uncommon, TMS may cause seizures in rare cases. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that the risk is less than 1 in 10,000 sessions when safety guidelines are followed. TMS is not recommended for individuals with a history of epilepsy or certain neurological conditions.
2. Hearing Issues
Because the machine makes clicking noises during treatment, ear protection is provided. Without earplugs, loud sounds could temporarily affect hearing.
3. Mood Swings or Anxiety
In some cases, patients report feeling more anxious or emotionally unsettled. This is usually short-lived and should be discussed with your provider if it continues.
When comparing TMS depression treatment to alternatives like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), TMS tends to have fewer and milder side effects.
Although TMS is safe for many, some people should not receive it. You may not be a good candidate if you:
Always consult with a mental health professional or your doctor to determine if TMS is a good fit for your condition.
TMS is typically done 5 days a week for 4 to 6 weeks. Each session lasts about 20 to 40 minutes.
Many people return to work or daily tasks immediately after treatment sessions.
For most patients, TMS helps reduce depression symptoms over time. However, it may not work for everyone. Some may feel worse before getting better, which is also common with other treatment options like medication or therapy.
If your symptoms worsen, talk to your provider. They may adjust the treatment or explore other options.
TMS has shown promising results in treating major depression, especially when medications haven’t worked. According to studies, about 50–60% of people with treatment-resistant depression experience noticeable improvement, and about one-third achieve full remission.
Although not guaranteed, the clinical trial data shows that TMS offers hope for many who previously had limited options.
Call your doctor or TMS treatment center if you experience:
Don’t ignore new or worsening symptoms. Open communication ensures your safety and improves treatment results.
If you’re asking, “Is TMS safe?”—the answer for most people is yes. While transcranial magnetic stimulation side effects do exist, they’re usually mild and manageable. The potential benefits, especially for those with treatment-resistant depression, often outweigh the risks.
TMS is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but it’s an important option in modern mental health care. Whether you’re struggling with major depression, OCD, or simply exploring treatment options, understanding the possible side effects can help you make an informed choice.
If you’re considering TMS for depression, talk to a healthcare provider to see if it fits your needs. This treatment may support long-term recovery in a safe, supervised setting.
You don’t have to navigate mental health challenges alone—qualified professionals can help answer your questions, discuss your goals, and guide you toward the next step in your wellness journey.
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